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REV. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
a
AD7665*
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 781/329-4700
www.analog.com
Fax: 781/326-8703
Analog Devices, Inc., 2001
16-Bit, 570 kSPS CMOS ADC
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
DGND
DVDD
AVDD AGND REF REFGND
SWITCHED
CAP DAC
CNVST
IMPULSE
WARP
OGND
16
CONTROL LOGIC AND
CALIBRATION CIRCUITRY
CLOCK
IND(4R)
4R
OVDD
AD7665
INGND
PD
RESET
BYTESWAP
SER/
PAR
DATA[15:0]
BUSY
CS
RD
OB/
2C
SERIAL
PORT
PARALLEL
INTERFACE
INA(R)
R
INC(4R)
4R
INB(2R)
2R
FEATURES
Throughput:
570 kSPS (Warp Mode)
500 kSPS (Normal Mode)
INL: 2.5 LSB Max ( 0.0038% of Full Scale)
16-Bit Resolution with No Missing Codes
S/(N+D): 90 dB Typ @ 180 kHz
THD: 100 dB Typ @ 180 kHz
Analog Input Voltage Ranges:
Bipolar: 10 V, 5 V, 2.5 V
Unipolar: 0 V to 10 V, 0 V to 5 V, 0 V to 2.5 V
Both AC and DC Specifications
No Pipeline Delay
Parallel (8/16 Bits) and Serial 5 V/3 V Interface
Single 5 V Supply Operation
Power Dissipation
64 mW Typical
15
W @ 100 SPS
Power-Down Mode: 7 W Max
Package: 48-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP)
Pin-to-Pin Compatible Upgrade of the AD7664/AD7663
APPLICATIONS
Data Acquisition
Communication
Instrumentation
Spectrum Analysis
Medical Instruments
Process Control
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AD7665 is a 16-bit, 570 kSPS, charge redistribution SAR,
analog-to-digital converter that operates from a single 5 V power
supply. It contains a high-speed 16-bit sampling ADC, a resistor
input scaler which allows various input ranges, an internal con-
version clock, error correction circuits, and both serial and
parallel system interface ports.
The AD7665 is hardware factory-calibrated and is comprehen-
sively tested to ensure such ac parameters as signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) and total harmonic distortion (THD), in addition to the
more traditional dc parameters of gain, offset, and linearity.
It features a very high sampling rate mode (Warp) and, for
asynchronous conversion rate applications, a fast mode (Nor-
mal) and, for low power applications, a reduced power mode
(Impulse) where the power is scaled with the throughput. It is
fabricated using Analog Devices' high-performance, 0.6 micron
CMOS process and is available in a 48-lead LQFP with opera-
tion specified from 40
C to +85C.
*Patent pending.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. Fast Throughput
The AD7665 is a very high speed (570 kSPS in Warp mode
and 500 kSPS in Normal mode), charge redistribution,
16-bit SAR ADC.
2. Single Supply Operation
The AD7665 operates from a single 5 V supply, dissipates
only 64 mW typical, even lower when a reduced throughput
is used with the reduced power mode (Impulse) and a power-
down mode.
3. Superior INL
The AD7665 has a maximum integral nonlinearity of 2.5 LSB
with no missing 16-bit code.
4. Serial or Parallel Interface
Versatile parallel (8 or 16 bits) or 2-wire serial interface
arrangement compatible with both 3 V or 5 V logic.
REV. 0
2
AD7665SPECIFICATIONS
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
RESOLUTION
16
Bits
ANALOG INPUT
Voltage Range
V
IND
V
INGND
4 REF, 0 V to 4 REF, 2 REF (See Table I)
Common-Mode Input Voltage
V
INGND
0.1
+0.5
V
Analog Input CMRR
f
IN
= 180 kHz
62
dB
Input Impedance
See Table I
THROUGHPUT SPEED
Complete Cycle
In Warp Mode
1.75
s
Throughput Rate
In Warp Mode
1
570
kSPS
Time Between Conversions
In Warp Mode
1
ms
Complete Cycle
In Normal Mode
2
s
Throughput Rate
In Normal Mode
0
500
kSPS
Complete Cycle
In Impulse Mode
2.25
s
Throughput Rate
In Impulse Mode
0
444
kSPS
DC ACCURACY
Integral Linearity Error
2.5
+2.5
LSB
1
No Missing Codes
16
Bits
Transition Noise
0.7
LSB
Bipolar Zero Error
2
, T
MIN
to T
MAX
5 V Range, Normal or
25
+25
LSB
Impulse Modes
Other Range or Mode
0.06
+0.06
% of FSR
Bipolar Full-Scale Error
2
, T
MIN
to T
MAX
0.25
+0.25
% of FSR
Unipolar Zero Error
2
, T
MIN
to T
MAX
0.18
+0.18
% of FSR
Unipolar Full-Scale Error
2
, T
MIN
to T
MAX
0.38
+0.38
% of FSR
Power Supply Sensitivity
AVDD = 5 V
5%
9.5
LSB
AC ACCURACY
Signal-to-Noise
f
IN
= 10 kHz
89
90
dB
3
f
IN
= 180 kHz
90
dB
Spurious Free Dynamic Range
f
IN
= 180 kHz
100
dB
Total Harmonic Distortion
f
IN
= 180 kHz
100
dB
Signal-to-(Noise+Distortion)
f
IN
= 10 kHz
88.5
90
dB
f
IN
= 180 kHz, 60 dB Input
30
dB
3 dB Input Bandwidth
3.6
MHz
SAMPLING DYNAMICS
Aperture Delay
2
ns
Aperture Jitter
5
ps rms
Transient Response
Full-Scale Step
1
s
REFERENCE
External Reference Voltage Range
2.3
2.5
2.7
V
External Reference Current Drain
570 kSPS Throughput
114
A
DIGITAL INPUTS
Logic Levels
V
IL
0.3
+0.8
V
V
IH
+2.0
DVDD + 0.3
V
I
IL
1
+1
A
I
IH
1
+1
A
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
Data Format
Parallel or Serial 16-Bit
Pipeline Delay
Conversion Results Available Immediately
after Completed Conversion
V
OL
I
SINK
= 1.6 mA
0.4
V
V
OH
I
SOURCE
= 570
A
OVDD 0.6
V
POWER SUPPLIES
Specified Performance
AVDD
4.75
5
5.25
V
DVDD
4.75
5
5.25
V
OVDD
2.7
5.25
V
Operating Current
4
570 kSPS Throughput
AVDD
14
mA
DVDD
5
4.5
mA
OVDD
5
20
A
(40 C to +85 C, AVDD = DVDD = 5 V, OVDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, unless otherwise noted.)
REV. 0
3
AD7665
Parameter
Conditions
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
POWER SUPPLIES (Continued)
Power Dissipation
5, 6
444 kSPS Throughput
7
64
74
mW
100 SPS Throughput
7
15
W
570 kSPS Throughput
4
93
107
mW
In Power-Down Mode
8
7
W
TEMPERATURE RANGE
9
Specified Performance
T
MIN
to T
MAX
40
+85
C
NOTES
1
LSB means Least Significant Bit. With the
5 V input range, one LSB is 152.588 V.
2
See Definition of Specifications section. These specifications do not include the error contribution from the external reference.
3
All specifications in dB are referred to a full-scale input FS. Tested with an input signal at 0.5 dB below full scale unless otherwise specified.
4
In warp mode.
5
Tested in parallel reading mode.
6
Tested with the 0 V to 5 V range and V
IN
V
INGND
= 0 V. See Power Dissipation section.
7
In impulse mode.
8
With OVDD below DVDD + 0.3 V and all digital inputs forced to OVDD or OGND respect ively.
9
Contact factory for extended temperature range.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Table I. Analog Input Configuration
Input Voltage
Input
Range
IND (4R)
INC (4R)
INB (2R)
INA (R)
Impedance
1
4 REF
V
IN
INGND
INGND
REF
5.85 k
2 REF
V
IN
V
IN
INGND
REF
3.41 k
REF
V
IN
V
IN
V
IN
REF
2.56 k
0 V to 4 REF
V
IN
V
IN
INGND
INGND
3.41 k
0 V to 2 REF
V
IN
V
IN
V
IN
INGND
2.56 k
0 V to REF
V
IN
V
IN
V
IN
V
IN
Note 2
NOTES
1
Typical analog input impedance.
2
For this range the input is high impedance.
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Refer to Figures 11 and 12
Convert Pulsewidth
t
1
5
ns
Time Between Conversions
t
2
1.75/2/2.25
Note 1
s
(Warp Mode/Normal Mode/Impulse Mode)
CNVST LOW to BUSY HIGH Delay
t
3
30
ns
BUSY HIGH All Modes Except in Master Serial Read after
t
4
0.75/1/1.25
s
Convert Mode (Warp Mode/Normal Mode/Impulse Mode)
Aperture Delay
t
5
2
ns
End of Conversion to BUSY LOW Delay
t
6
10
ns
Conversion Time (Warp Mode/Normal Mode/Impulse Mode)
t
7
0.75/1/1.25
s
Acquisition Time
t
8
1
s
RESET Pulsewidth
t
9
10
ns
Refer to Figures 13, 14, and 15 (Parallel Interface Modes)
CNVST LOW to DATA Valid Delay
t
10
0.75/1/1.25
s
(Warp Mode/Normal Mode/Impulse Mode)
DATA Valid to BUSY LOW Delay
t
11
20
ns
Bus Access Request to DATA Valid
t
12
40
ns
Bus Relinquish Time
t
13
5
15
ns
Refer to Figures 17 and 18 (Master Serial Interface Modes)
2
CS LOW to SYNC Valid Delay
t
14
10
ns
CS LOW to Internal SCLK Valid Delay
t
15
10
ns
CS LOW to SDOUT Delay
t
16
10
ns
CNVST LOW to SYNC Delay (Read During Convert)
t
17
25/275/525
ns
(Warp Mode/Normal Mode/Impulse Mode)
(40 C to +85 C, AVDD = DVDD = 5 V, OVDD = 2.7 V to 5.25 V, unless otherwise noted.)
REV. 0
AD7665
4
TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (Continued)
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
SYNC Asserted to SCLK First Edge Delay
3
t
18
4
ns
Internal SCLK Period
3
t
19
25
40
ns
Internal SCLK HIGH
3
t
20
15
ns
Internal SCLK LOW
3
t
21
9.5
ns
SDOUT Valid Setup Time
3
t
22
4.5
ns
SDOUT Valid Hold Time
3
t
23
2
ns
SCLK Last Edge to SYNC Delay
3
t
24
3
CS HIGH to SYNC HI-Z
t
25
10
ns
CS HIGH to Internal SCLK HI-Z
t
26
10
ns
CS HIGH to SDOUT HI-Z
t
27
10
ns
BUSY HIGH in Master Serial Read After Convert
3
t
28
See Table II
s
CNVST LOW to SYNC Asserted Delay
t
29
0.75/1/1.25
s
Master Serial Read after Convert
SYNC Deasserted to BUSY LOW Delay
t
30
25
ns
Refer to Figures 19 and 21 (Slave Serial Interface Modes)
External SCLK Setup Time
t
31
5
ns
External SCLK Active Edge to SDOUT Delay
t
32
3
16
ns
SDIN Setup Time
t
33
5
ns
SDIN Hold Time
t
34
5
ns
External SCLK Period
t
35
25
ns
External SCLK HIGH
t
36
10
ns
External SCLK LOW
t
37
10
ns
NOTES
1
In warp mode only, the maximum time between conversions is 1 ms, otherwise, there is no required maximum time.
2
In serial interface modes, the SYNC, SCLK, and SDOUT timings are defined with a maximum load C
L
of 10 pF; otherwise, the load is 60 pF maximum.
3
In serial master read during convert mode. See Table II.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Table II. Serial Clock Timings in Master Read after Convert
DIVSCLK[1]
0
0
1
1
DIVSCLK[0]
0
1
0
1
Unit
SYNC to SCLK First Edge Delay Minimum
t
18
4
20
20
20
ns
Internal SCLK Period Minimum
t
19
25
50
100
200
ns
Internal SCLK Period Maximum
t
19
40
70
140
280
ns
Internal SCLK HIGH Minimum
t
20
15
25
50
100
ns
Internal SCLK LOW Minimum
t
21
9.5
24
49
99
ns
SDOUT Valid Setup Time Minimum
t
22
4.5
22
22
22
ns
SDOUT Valid Hold Time Minimum
t
23
2
4
30
90
ns
SCLK Last Edge to SYNC Delay Minimum
t
24
3
60
140
300
ns
BUSY HIGH Width Maximum (Warp)
t
28
1.5
2
3
5.25
s
BUSY HIGH Width Maximum (Normal)
t
28
1.75
2.25
3.25
5.5
s
BUSY HIGH Width Maximum (Impulse)
t
28
2
2.5
3.5
5.75
s
REV. 0
AD7665
5
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the AD7665 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
I
OH
500 A
1.6mA
I
OL
TO OUTPUT
PIN
1.4V
C
L
60pF
1
NOTE:
1
IN SERIAL INTERFACE MODES, THE SYNC, SCLK, AND
SDOUT TIMINGS ARE DEFINED WITH A MAXIMUM LOAD
C
L
OF 10pF; OTHERWISE, THE LOAD IS 60pF MAXIMUM.
Figure 1. Load Circuit for Digital Interface Timing, SDOUT,
SYNC, SCLK Outputs, C
L
= 10 pF
t
DELAY
t
DELAY
0.8V
0.8V
0.8V
2V
2V
2V
Figure 2. Voltage Reference Levels for Timing
PIN CONFIGURATION
48-Lead LQFP
(ST-48)
36
35
34
33
32
31
30
29
28
27
26
25
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
48 47 46 45 44
39 38 37
43 42 41 40
PIN 1
IDENTIFIER
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
AGND
CNVST
PD
RESET
CS
RD
DGND
AGND
AVDD
NC
BYTESWAP
OB/
2C
WARP
IMPULSE
NC = NO CONNECT
SER/
PAR
D0
D1
D2/DIVSCLK[0]
BUSY
D15
D14
D13
AD7665
D3/DIVSCLK[1]
D12
D4/EXT/
INT
D5/INVSYNC
D6/INVSCLK
D7/RDC/SDIN
OGND
OVDD
DVDD
DGND
D8/SDOUT
D9/SCLK
D10/SYNC
D11/RDERROR
NC
NC
NC
NC
NC
IND(4R)
INC(4R)
INB(2R)
INA(R)
INGND
REFGND
REF
ORDERING GUIDE
Model
Temperature Range
Package Description
Package Option
AD7665AST
40
C to +85C
Quad Flatpack (LQFP)
ST-48
AD7665ASTRL
40
C to +85C
Quad Flatpack (LQFP)
ST-48
EVAL-AD7665CB
1
Evaluation Board
EVAL-CONTROL BRD2
2
Controller Board
NOTES
1
This board can be used as a stand-alone evaluation board or in conjunction with the EVAL-CONTROL BRD2 for evaluation/demonstration purposes.
2
This board allows a PC to control and communicate with all Analog Devices evaluation boards ending in the CB designators.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
1
Analog Inputs
IND
2
, INC
2
, INB
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 V to +30 V
INA, REF, INGND, REFGND
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AGND 0.3 V to AVDD + 0.3 V
Ground Voltage Differences
AGND, DGND, OGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.3 V
Supply Voltages
AVDD, DVDD, OVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 V
AVDD to DVDD,
AVDD to OVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 V
DVDD to OVDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 V
Digital Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 V to DVDD + 0.3 V
Internal Power Dissipation
3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700 mW
Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
C
Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
C to +150C
Lead Temperature Range
(Soldering 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
C
NOTES
1
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
2
See Analog Input section.
3
Specification is for device in free air: 48-Lead LQFP:
JA
= 91
C/W,
JC
= 30
C/W.
REV. 0
AD7665
6
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin
No.
Mnemonic
Type
Description
1
AGND
P
Analog Power Ground Pin.
2
AVDD
P
Input Analog Power Pin. Nominally 5 V.
3, 4448
NC
No Connect.
4
BYTESWAP
Parallel Mode Selection (8-/16-Bit). When LOW, the LSB is output on D[7:0] and the MSB
is output on D[15:8]. When HIGH, the LSB is output on D[15:8] and the MSB is output on
D[7:0].
5
OB/
2C
DI
Straight Binary/Binary Two's Complement. When OB/
2C is HIGH, the digital output is
straight binary; when LOW, the MSB is inverted, resulting in a two's complement output
from its internal shift register.
6
WARP
DI
Mode Selection. When HIGH and IMPULSE LOW, this input selects the fastest mode, the
maximum throughput is achievable, and a minimum conversion rate must be applied in order
to guarantee full specified accuracy. When LOW, full accuracy is maintained independent of
the minimum conversion rate.
7
IMPULSE
DI
Mode Selection. When HIGH and WARP LOW, this input selects a reduced power mode. In
this mode, the power dissipation is approximately proportional to the sampling rate.
8
SER/
PAR
DI
Serial/Parallel Selection Input. When LOW, the parallel port is selected; when HIGH, the
serial interface mode is selected and some bits of the DATA bus are used as a serial port.
9, 10
DATA[0:1]
DO
Bit 0 and Bit 1 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus. When SER/
PAR is HIGH, these outputs
are in high impedance.
11, 12
DATA[2:3] or
DI/O
When SER/
PAR is LOW, these outputs are used as Bit 2 and Bit 3 of the Parallel Port Data
Output Bus.
DIVSCLK[0:1]
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, EXT/INT is LOW and RDC/SDIN is LOW, which is the serial
master read after convert mode. These inputs, part of the serial port, are used to slow down, if
desired, the internal serial clock that clocks the data output. In the other serial modes, these
inputs are not used.
13
DATA[4]
DI/O
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 4 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or EXT/
INT
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, this input, part of the serial port, is used as a digital select input for
choosing the internal or an external data clock, called respectively, master and slave mode.
With EXT/
INT tied LOW, the internal clock is selected on SCLK output. With EXT/INT set
to a logic HIGH, output data is synchronized to an external clock signal connected to the
SCLK input and the external clock is gated by
CS.
14
DATA[5]
DI/O
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 5 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or INVSYNC
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, this input, part of the serial port, is used to select the active state of
the SYNC signal. When LOW, SYNC is active HIGH. When HIGH, SYNC is active LOW.
15
DATA[6]
DI/O
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 6 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or INVSCLK
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, this input, part of the serial port, is used to invert the SCLK sig-
nal. It is active in both master and slave mode.
16
DATA[7]
DI/O
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 7 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or RDC/SDIN
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, this input, part of the serial port, is used as either an external data
input or a read mode selection input, depending on the state of EXT/
INT.
When EXT/
INT is HIGH, RDC/SDIN could be used as a data input to daisy chain the con-
version results from two or more ADCs onto a single SDOUT line. The digital data level
on SDIN is output on DATA with a delay of 16 SCLK periods after the initiation of the
read sequence.
When EXT/
INT is LOW, RDC/SDIN is used to select the read mode. When RDC/SDIN is
HIGH, the previous data is output on SDOUT during conversion. When RDC/SDIN is LOW,
the data can be output on SDOUT only when the conversion is complete.
17
OGND
P
Input/Output Interface Digital Power Ground.
18
OVDD
P
Input/Output Interface Digital Power. Nominally at the same supply as the supply of the host
interface (5 V or 3 V).
19
DVDD
P
Digital Power. Nominally at 5 V.
20
DGND
P
Digital Power Ground.
REV. 0
AD7665
7
Pin
No.
Mnemonic
Type
Description
21
DATA[8]
DO
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 8 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or SDOUT
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, this output, part of the serial port, is used as a serial data output
synchronized to SCLK. Conversion results are stored in an on-chip register. The AD7665
provides the conversion result, MSB first, from its internal shift register. The DATA format is
determined by the logic level of OB/
2C. In serial mode, when EXT/INT is LOW, SDOUT is
valid on both edges of SCLK.
In serial mode, when EXT/
INT is HIGH:
If INVSCLK is LOW, SDOUT is updated on SCLK rising edge and valid on the next
falling edge.
If INVSCLK is HIGH, SDOUT is updated on SCLK falling edge and valid on the next
rising edge.
22
DATA[9]
DI/O
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 9 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or SCLK
When SER/
PAR is HIGH, this pin, part of the serial port, is used as a serial data clock input
or output, dependent upon the logic state of the EXT/
INT pin. The active edge where the
data SDOUT is updated depends upon the logic state of the INVSCLK pin.
23
DATA[10]
DO
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 10 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or SYNC
When SER
/PAR is HIGH, this output, part of the serial port, is used as a digital output frame
synchronization for use with the internal data clock (EXT/
INT = Logic LOW). When a read
sequence is initiated and INVSYNC is LOW, SYNC is driven HIGH and remains HIGH
while SDOUT output is valid. When a read sequence is initiated and INVSYNC is High,
SYNC is driven LOW and remains LOW while SDOUT output is valid.
24
DATA[11]
DO
When SER/
PAR is LOW, this output is used as Bit 11 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus.
or RDERROR
When SER/
PAR is HIGH and EXT/INT is HIGH, this output, part of the serial port, is used as
an incomplete read error flag. In slave mode, when a data read is started and not complete when
the following conversion is complete, the current data is lost and RDERROR is pulsed high.
2528
DATA[12:15]
DO
Bit 12 to Bit 15 of the Parallel Port Data Output Bus. When SER/
PAR is HIGH, these out-
puts are in high impedance.
29
BUSY
DO
Busy Output. Transitions HIGH when a conversion is started, and remains HIGH until the
conversion is complete and the data is latched into the on-chip shift register. The falling edge
of BUSY could be used as a data ready clock signal.
30
DGND
P
Must Be Tied to Digital Ground.
31
RD
DI
Read Data. When
CS and RD are both LOW, the interface parallel or serial output bus
is enabled.
32
CS
DI
Chip Select. When
CS and RD are both LOW, the interface parallel or serial output bus is
enabled.
CS is also used to gate the external serial clock.
33
RESET
DI
Reset Input. When set to a logic HIGH, reset the AD7665. Current conversion, if any, is aborted. If
not used, this pin could be tied to DGND.
34
PD
DI
Power-Down Input. When set to a logic HIGH, power consumption is reduced and conversions
are inhibited after the current one is completed.
35
CNVST
DI
Start Conversion. A falling edge on
CNVST puts the internal sample/hold into the hold state
and initiates a conversion. In impulse mode (IMPULSE HIGH and WARP LOW), if
CNVST
is held low when the acquisition phase
(t
8
) is complete, the internal sample/hold is put into
the hold state and a conversion is immediately started.
36
AGND
P
Must Be Tied to Analog Ground.
37
REF
AI
Reference Input Voltage.
38
REFGND
AI
Reference Input Analog Ground.
39
INGND
AI
Analog Input Ground.
40, 41,
INA, INB,
AI
Analog Inputs. Refer to Table I for input range configuration.
42, 43
INC, IND
NOTES
AI = Analog Input.
DI = Digital Input.
DI/O = Bidirectional Digital.
DO = Digital Output.
P = Power.
REV. 0
AD7665
8
DEFINITION OF SPECIFICATIONS
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY ERROR (INL)
Linearity error refers to the deviation of each individual code
from a line drawn from "negative full scale" through "positive
full scale." The point used as "negative full scale" occurs 1/2 LSB
before the first code transition. "Positive full scale" is defined as
a level 1 1/2 LSB beyond the last code transition. The deviation
is measured from the middle of each code to the true straight line.
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY ERROR (DNL)
In an ideal ADC, code transitions are 1 LSB apart. Differential
nonlinearity is the maximum deviation from this ideal value. It is
often specified in terms of resolution for which no missing codes
are guaranteed.
FULL-SCALE ERROR
The last transition (from 011 . . . 10 to 011 . . . 11 in two's
complement coding) should occur for an analog voltage 1 1/2 LSB
below the nominal full scale (2.499886 V for the
2.5 V range).
The full-scale error is the deviation of the actual level of the last
transition from the ideal level.
BIPOLAR ZERO ERROR
The difference between the ideal midscale input voltage (0 V) and
the actual voltage producing the midscale output code.
UNIPOLAR ZERO ERROR
In unipolar mode, the first transition should occur at a level
1/2 LSB above analog ground. The unipolar zero error is the
deviation of the actual transition from that point.
SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR)
The difference, in decibels (dB), between the rms amplitude of
the input signal and the peak spurious signal.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB)
A measurement of the resolution with a sine wave input. It is
related to S/(N+D) by the following formula:
ENOB = (S/[N+D]
dB
1.76)/6.02)
and is expressed in bits.
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD)
The rms sum of the first five harmonic components to the rms
value of a full-scale input signal and is expressed in decibels.
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR)
The ratio of the rms value of the actual input signal to the rms
sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist fre-
quency, excluding harmonics and dc. The value for SNR is
expressed in decibels.
SIGNAL TO (NOISE + DISTORTION) RATIO (S/[N+D])
The ratio of the rms value of the actual input signal to the rms
sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist fre-
quency, including harmonics but excluding dc. The value for
S/(N+D) is expressed in decibels.
APERTURE DELAY
A measure of the acquisition performance and is measured from
the falling edge of the
CNVST input to when the input signal is
held for a conversion.
TRANSIENT RESPONSE
The time required for the AD7665 to achieve its rated accuracy
after a full-scale step function is applied to its input.
REV. 0
TPC 1. Integral Nonlinearity vs. Code
TPC 2. Differential Nonlinearity vs. Code
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7
NUMBER OF UNITS
POSITIVE INL LSB
TPC 3. Typical Positive INL Distribution (446 Units)
Typical Performance CharacteristicsAD7665
9
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
3.0 2.7 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3
NUMBER OF UNITS
NEGATIVE INL LSB
TPC 4. Typical Negative INL Distribution (446 Units)
0
0
19
932
7337 7204
870
22
0
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
7FFD 7FFE 7FFF 8000 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8005
CODE IN HEXA
COUNTS
TPC 5. Histogram of 16,384 Conversions of a DC Input at
the Code Transition
0
0
1
214
3310
9468
3259
131
1
0
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
7FFC 7FFD 7FFE 7FFF 8000 8001 8002 8003 8004 8005 8006
CODE IN HEXA
COUNTS
TPC 6. Histogram of 16,384 Conversions of a DC Input at
the Code Center
REV. 0
AD7665
10
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 57 114 171 228 285
AMPLITUDE
dB OF FULL SCALE
FREQUENCY kHz
4096 POINT FFT
FS = 571kHz
f
IN
= 45kHz, 0.5dB
SNR = 90.1 dB
SINAD = 89.7dB
THD = 100.1dB
SFDR = 102.3dB
TPC 7. FFT Plot
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
1 10 100 1000
16.0
15.5
15.0
14.5
14.0
13.5
13.0
SNR AND S/[N +D]
dB
ENOB
Bits
FREQUENCY kHz
SNR
SINAD
ENOB
TPC 8. SNR, S/(N+D), and ENOB vs. Frequency
92
90
88
86
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
SNR
(REFERRED
T
O
FULL SCALE)
dB
INPUT LEVEL dB
TPC 9. SNR vs. Input Level
96
93
90
87
84
98
100
102
104
55 35 15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
SNR
dB
THD
dB
TEMPERATURE C
THD
SNR
TPC 10. SNR, THD vs. Temperature
THD
2ND HARMONIC
3RD HARMONIC
SFDR
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
1 10 100 1000
THD
,
HARMONICS
dB
SFDR
dB
FREQUENCY kHz
TPC 11. THD, Harmonics, and SFDR vs. Frequency
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
60 50 40 30 20 10 0
THD
,
HARMONICS
dB
INPUT LEVEL dB
THD
3RD HARMONIC
2ND HARMONIC
TPC 12. THD, Harmonics vs. Input Level
REV. 0
AD7665
11
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200
t
12
DELA
Y
ns
C
L
pF
TPC 13. Typical Delay vs. Load Capacitance C
L
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.001
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
OPERA
T
ING CURRENTS
A
SAMPLING RATE SPS
AVDD, WARP/NORMAL
DVDD, WARP/NORMAL
AVDD, IMPULSE
DVDD, IMPULSE
OVDD, ALL MODES
TPC 14. Operating Currents vs. Sample Rate
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
55 35 15 5 25 45 65 85 105
PO
WER-DO
WN OPERA
T
ING CURRENTS
nA
TEMPERATURE C
DVDD
AVDD
OVDD
TPC 15. Power-Down Operating Currents vs. Temperature
REV. 0
AD7665
12
SW
A
COMP
SW
B
IND
4R
REF
REFGND
LSB
MSB
32,768C
INGND
16,384C
4C
2C
C
C
CONTROL
LOGIC
SWITCHES
CONTROL
BUSY
OUTPUT
CODE
INC
4R
INA
R
INB
2R
CNVST
65,536C
Figure 3. ADC Simplified Schematic
CIRCUIT INFORMATION
The AD7665 is a fast, low-power, single-supply, precise 16-bit
analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The AD7665 features different
modes to optimize performances according to the applications.
In Warp mode, the AD7665 is capable of converting 570,000
samples per second (570 kSPS).
The AD7665 provides the user with an on-chip track/hold,
successive approximation ADC that does not exhibit any pipe-
line or latency, making it ideal for multiple multiplexed channel
applications.
It is specified to operate with both bipolar and unipolar input
ranges by changing the connection of its input resistive scaler.
The AD7665 can be operated from a single 5 V supply and be
interfaced to either 5 V or 3 V digital logic. It is housed in a
48-lead LQFP package that combines space savings and flexible
configurations as either serial or parallel interface. The AD7665
is a pin-to-pin-compatible upgrade of the AD7663 and AD7664.
CONVERTER OPERATION
The AD7665 is a successive approximation analog-to-digital
converter based on a charge redistribution DAC. Figure 3 shows
the simplified schematic of the ADC. The input analog signal is,
first, scaled down and level-shifted by the internal input resistive
scaler which allows both unipolar ranges (0 V to 2.5 V, 0 V to
5 V, and 0 to 10 V) and bipolar ranges (
2.5 V, 5 V, and 10 V).
The output voltage range of the resistive scaler is always 0 V to
2.5 V. The capacitive DAC consists of an array of 16 binary
weighted capacitors and an additional "LSB" capacitor. The
comparator's negative input is connected to a "dummy" capaci-
tor of the same value as the capacitive DAC array.
During the acquisition phase, the common terminal of the array
tied to the comparator's positive input is connected to AGND
via SW
A
. All independent switches are connected to the output
of the resistive scaler. Thus, the capacitor array is used as a
sampling capacitor and acquires the analog signal. Similarly, the
"dummy" capacitor acquires the analog signal on INGND input.
When the acquisition phase is complete, and the
CNVST input
goes or is low, a conversion phase is initiated. When the conversion
phase begins, SW
A
and SW
B
are opened first. The capacitor array
and the "dummy" capacitor are then disconnected from the inputs
and connected to the REFGND input. Therefore, the differen-
tial voltage between the output of the resistive scaler and INGND
captured at the end of the acquisition phase is applied to the
comparator inputs, causing the comparator to become unbalanced.
By switching each element of the capacitor array between
REFGND or REF, the comparator input varies by binary
weighted voltage steps (V
REF
/2, V
REF
/4 . . . V
REF
/65536). The
control logic toggles these switches, starting with the MSB first,
in order to bring the comparator back into a balanced condition.
After the completion of this process, the control logic generates
the ADC output code and brings BUSY output low.
Modes of Operation
The AD7665 features three modes of operations, Warp, Normal,
and Impulse. Each of these modes is more suitable for specific
applications.
The Warp mode allows the fastest conversion rate up to 570 kSPS.
However, in this mode, and this mode only, the full specified accu-
racy is guaranteed only when the time between conversion does
not exceed 1 ms. If the time between two consecutive conversions
is longer than 1 ms, for instance, after power-up, the first conver-
sion result should be ignored. This mode makes the AD7665
ideal for applications where both high accuracy and fast sample
rate are required.
The normal mode is the fastest mode (500 kSPS) without any
limitation about the time between conversions. This mode makes
the AD7665 ideal for asynchronous applications such as data
acquisition systems, where both high accuracy and fast sample
rate are required.
The impulse mode, the lowest power dissipation mode, allows
power saving between conversions. The maximum throughput
in this mode is 444 kSPS. When operating at 100 SPS, for ex-
ample, it typically consumes only 15
W. This feature makes the
AD7665 ideal for battery-powered applications.
Transfer Functions
Using the OB/
2C digital input, the AD7665 offers two output
codings: straight binary and two's complement. The ideal transfer
characteristic for the AD7665 is shown in Figure 4 and Table III.
000...000
000...001
000...010
111...101
111...110
111...111
ADC CODE - STRAIGHT BINARY
ANALOG INPUT
+FS 1.5 LSB
+FS 1 LSB
FS + 1 LSB
FS
FS + 0.5 LSB
Figure 4. ADC Ideal Transfer Function
REV. 0
AD7665
13
Table III. Output Codes and Ideal Input Voltages
Digital Output Code
(Hexa)
Straight Two's
Description
Analog Input
Binary
Complement
Full-Scale Range
10 V
5 V
2.5 V
0 V to 10 V
0 V to 5 V
0 V to 2.5 V
Least Significant Bit 305.2
V
152.6
V
76.3
V
152.6
V
76.3
V
38.15
V
FSR 1 LSB
9.999695 V
4.999847 V
2.499924 V
9.999847 V
4.999924 V 2.499962 V
FFFF
1
7FFF
1
Midscale + 1 LSB
305.2
V
152.6
V
76.3
V
5.000153 V
2.570076 V 1.257038 V
8001
0001
Midscale
0 V
0 V
0 V
5 V
2.5 V
1.25 V
8000
0000
Midscale 1 LSB
305.2
V
152.6
V
76.3
V
4.999847 V
2.499924 V 1.249962 V
7FFF
FFFF
FSR + 1 LSB
9.999695 V 4.999847 V 2.499924 V 152.6
V
76.3
V
38.15
V
0001
8001
FSR
10 V
5 V
2.5 V
0 V
0 V
0 V
0000
2
8000
2
NOTES
1
This is also the code for an overrange analog input.
2
This is also the code for an underrange analog input.
100nF
10 F
100nF
10 F
AVDD
10 F
100nF
AGND
DGND
DVDD
OVDD
OGND
SER/
PAR
CNVST
BUSY
SDOUT
SCLK
RD
CS
RESET
PD
REFGND
C
REF
2.5V REF
REF
100
D
CLOCK
AD7665
C/ P/DSP
SERIAL
PORT
DIGITAL SUPPLY
(3.3V OR 5V)
ANALOG
SUPPLY
(5V)
DVDD
OB/
2C
NOTE 8
BYTESWAP
DVDD
50k
100nF
1M
INA
100nF
U2
IND
INGND
ANALOG
INPUT
( 10V)
C
C
2.7nF
U1
15
10 F
NOTE 2
NOTE 1
NOTE 3
NOTE 7
NOTE 4
50
INC
INB
NOTE
6
NOTES :
1. SEE VOLTAGE REFERENCE INPUT CHAPTER.
2. WITH THE RECOMMENDED VOLTAGE REFERENCES, C
REF
IS 47 F. SEE SECTION VOLTAGE REFERENCE INPUT SECTION.
3. OPTIONAL CIRCUITRY FOR HARDWARE GAIN CALIBRATION.
4. FOR BIPOLAR RANGE ONLY. SEE SCALER REFERENCE INPUT SECTION.
5. THE AD8021 IS RECOMMENDED. SEE DRIVER AMPLIFIER CHOICE SECTION.
6. WITH 0 TO 2.5V RANGE ONLY. SEE ANALOG INPUTS SECTION.
7. OPTION. SEE POWER SUPPLY SECTION.
8. OPTIONAL LOW JITTER
CNVST. SEE CONVERSION CONTROL SECTION.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
AD8031
AD8021
50
ADR421
NOTE 5
WARP
IMPULSE
Figure 5. Typical Connection Diagram (
10 V Range Shown)
REV. 0
AD7665
14
TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Figure 5 shows a typical connection diagram for the AD7665.
Different circuitry shown on this diagram is optional and is
discussed below.
Analog Inputs
The AD7665 is specified to operate with six full-scale analog
input ranges. Connections required for each of the four ana-
log inputs, IND, INC, INB, INA, and the resulting full-scale
ranges, are shown in Table I. The typical input impedance
for each analog input range is also shown.
Figure 6 shows a simplified analog input section of the AD7665.
The four resistors connected to the four analog inputs form a
resistive scaler which scales-down and shifts the analog input
range to a common input range of 0 V to 2.5 V at the input of
the switched capacitive ADC.
INC
INB
INA
4R
2R
R
IND
4R
AGND
AVDD
R1
C
S
R = 1.28k
Figure 6. Simplified Analog Input
By connecting the four inputs INA, INB, INC, IND to the input
signal itself, the ground, or a 2.5 V reference, other analog input
ranges can be obtained.
The diodes shown in Figure 6 provide ESD protection for the
four analog inputs. The inputs INB, INC, IND, have a high
voltage protection (11 V to +30 V) to allow wide input voltage
range. Care must be taken to ensure that the analog input signal
never exceeds the absolute ratings on these inputs including
INA (0 V to 5 V). This will cause these diodes to become forward-
biased and start conducting current. These diodes can handle a
forward-biased current of 120 mA maximum. For instance, when
using the 0 V to 2.5 V input range, these conditions could eventu-
ally occur on the input INA when the input buffer's (U1) supplies
are different from AVDD. In such case, an input buffer with a
short-circuit current limitation can be used to protect the part.
This analog input structure allows the sampling of the differen-
tial signal between the output of the resistive scaler and INGND.
Unlike other converters, the INGND input is sampled at the
same time as the inputs. By using this differential input, small
signals common to both inputs are rejected as shown in Figure 7,
which represents the typical CMRR over frequency. For instance,
by using INGND to sense a remote signal ground, difference of
ground potentials between the sensor and the local ADC ground
are eliminated.
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
1 10 100 1000 10000
CMRR
dB
FREQUENCY kHz
Figure 7. Analog Input CMRR vs. Frequency
During the acquisition phase for ac signals, the AD7665 behaves
like a one-pole RC filter consisting of the equivalent resistance
of the resistive scaler R/2 in series with R1 and C
S
. The resistor
R1 is typically 100
and is a lumped component made up of
some serial resistor and the on-resistance of the switches.
The capacitor C
S
is typically 60 pF and is mainly the ADC
sampling capacitor. This one-pole filter with a typical 3 dB
cutoff frequency of 3.6 MHz reduces undesirable aliasing effects
and limits the noise coming from the inputs.
Except when using the 0 V to 2.5 V analog input voltage range,
the AD7665 has to be driven by a very low impedance source to
avoid gain errors. That can be done by using a driver amplifier
whose choice is eased by the primarily resistive analog input
circuitry of the AD7665.
When using the 0 V to 2.5 V analog input voltage range, the
input impedance of the AD7665 is very high so the AD7665 can
be driven directly by a low impedance source without gain error.
That allows, as shown in Figure 5, putting an external one-
pole RC filter between the output of the amplifier output and
the ADC analog inputs to even further improve the noise
filtering done by the AD7665 analog input circuit. However, the
source impedance has to be kept low because it affects the ac
performances, especially the total harmonic distortion (THD).
The maximum source impedance depends on the amount of
total THD that can be tolerated. The THD degradation is a
function of the source impedance and the maximum input
frequency as shown in Figure 8.
REV. 0
AD7665
15
FREQUENCY kHz
110
0
100
THD
100
90
80
70
1000
R = 50
R = 11
R = 100
Figure 8. THD vs. Analog Input Frequency and Input
Resistance (0 V to 2.5 V Only)
Driver Amplifier Choice
Although the AD7665 is easy to drive, the driver amplifier needs
to meet at least the following requirements:
The driver amplifier and the AD7665 analog input circuit
must be able, together, to settle for a full-scale step the capaci-
tor array at a 16-bit level (0.0015%). In the amplifier's data
sheet, the settling at 0.1% to 0.01% is more commonly speci-
fied. It could significantly differ from the settling time at
16-bit level and it should therefore be verified prior to the
driver selection. The tiny op amp AD8021, which combines
ultralow noise and a high-gain bandwidth, meets this settling
time requirement even when used with a high gain up to 13.
The noise generated by the driver amplifier needs to be kept
as low as possible in order to preserve the SNR and transi-
tion noise performance of the AD7665. The noise coming
from the driver is first scaled down by the resistive scaler
according to the analog input voltage range used, and is then
filtered by the AD7665 analog input circuit one-pole, low-
pass filter made by (R/2 + R1) and C
S
. The SNR degradation
due to the amplifier is:
SNR
f
N e
FSR
LOSS
dB
N
=
+
20
28
784
2
2 5
1000
3
2
log
.
where
f
3 dB
is the 3 dB input bandwidth of the AD7665 (3.6 MHz)
or the cut-off frequency of the input filter if any used
(0 V to 2.5 V range).
N
is the noise factor of the amplifier (1 if in buffer
configuration).
e
N
is the equivalent input noise voltage of the op amp
in nV/(Hz)
1/2
.
FSR
is the full-scale span (i.e., 5 V for
2.5 V range).
For instance, when using the 0 V to 2.5 V range, a driver like
the AD8021, with an equivalent input noise of 2 nV/
Hz and
configured as a buffer, thus with a noise gain of 1, the SNR
degrades by only 0.12 dB.
The driver needs to have a THD performance suitable to
that of the AD7665. TPC 8 gives the THD versus frequency
that the driver should preferably exceed.
The AD8021 meets these requirements and is usually appropri-
ate for almost all applications. The AD8021 needs an external
compensation capacitor of 10 pF. This capacitor should have
good linearity as an NPO ceramic or mica type.
The AD8022 could also be used where dual version is needed
and gain of 1 is used.
The AD829 is another alternative where high-frequency (above
100 kHz) performance is not required. In gain of 1, it requires
an 82 pF compensation capacitor.
The AD8610 is another option where low bias current is needed
in low frequency applications.
Voltage Reference Input
The AD7665 uses an external 2.5 V voltage reference. The
voltage reference input REF of the AD7665 has a dynamic
input impedance. Therefore, it should be driven by a low
impedance source with an efficient decoupling between REF
and REFGND inputs. This decoupling depends on the choice
of the voltage reference, but usually consists of a low ESR tanta-
lum capacitor connected to the REF and REFGND inputs with
minimum parasitic inductance. 47
F is an appropriate value for
the tantalum capacitor when used with one of the recommended
reference voltages:
The low-noise, low-temperature drift ADR421 and AD780
voltage references.
The low-power ADR291 voltage reference.
The low-cost AD1582 voltage reference.
For applications using multiple AD7665s, it is more effective to
buffer the reference voltage with a low-noise, very stable op amp
such as the AD8031.
Care should also be taken with the reference temperature coeffi-
cient of the voltage reference which directly affects the full-scale
accuracy if this parameter matters. For instance, a
15 ppm/C
tempco of the reference changes the full scale by
1 LSB/C.
Scaler Reference Input (Bipolar Input Ranges)
When using the AD7665 with bipolar input ranges, the connec-
tion diagram in Figure 5 shows a reference buffer amplifier.
This buffer amplifier is required to isolate the REFIN pin from
the signal dependent current in the AIN pin. A high-speed op
amp such as the AD8031 can be used with a single 5 V power
supply without degrading the performance of the AD7665. The
buffer must have good settling characteristics and provide low
total noise within the input bandwidth of the AD7665.
Power Supply
The AD7665 uses three sets of power supply pins: an analog
5 V supply AVDD, a digital 5 V core supply DVDD, and a
digital input/output interface supply OVDD. The OVDD supply
allows direct interface with any logic working between 2.7 V and
5.25 V. To reduce the number of supplies needed, the digital
core (DVDD) can be supplied through a simple RC filter from
the analog supply as shown in Figure 5. The AD7665 is inde-
pendent of power supply sequencing and thus free from supply
voltage induced latchup. Additionally, it is very insensitive to
power supply variations over a wide frequency range as shown
in Figure 9.
REV. 0
AD7665
16
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
1 10 100 1000
PSRR
dB
FREQUENCY kHz
Figure 9. PSRR vs. Frequency
POWER DISSIPATION
In impulse mode, the AD7665 automatically reduces its power
consumption at the end of each conversion phase. During the
acquisition phase, the operating currents are very low, which
allows a significant power saving when the conversion rate is
reduced as shown in Figure 10. This feature makes the AD7665
ideal for very low-power battery applications.
This does not take into account the power, if any, dissipated by
the input resistive scaler which depends on the input voltage
range used and the analog input voltage even in power-down
mode. There is no power dissipated when the 0 V to 2.5 V is
used or when both the analog input voltage is 0 V and a unipolar
range, 0 to 5 V or 0 to 10 V, is used.
It should be noted that the digital interface remains active even
during the acquisition phase. To reduce the operating digital
supply currents even further, the digital inputs need to be driven
close to the power rails (i.e., DVDD and DGND) and OVDD
should not exceed DVDD by more than 0.3 V.
100000
10000
1000
100
10
1
0.1
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000
POWER DISSIPATION
W
SAMPLING RATE SPS
WARP/NORMAL
IMPULSE
Figure 10. Power Dissipation vs. Sample Rate
CONVERSION CONTROL
Figure 11 shows the detailed timing diagrams of the conversion
process. The AD7665 is controlled by the signal
CNVST which
initiates conversion. Once initiated, it cannot be restarted or
aborted, even by the power-down input PD, until the conver-
sion is complete. The
CNVST signal operates independently of
CS and RD signals.
CNVST
BUSY
MODE
t
2
t
1
t
3
t
4
t
5
t
6
t
7
t
8
ACQUIRE
CONVERT
ACQUIRE
CONVERT
Figure 11. Basic Conversion Timing
In impulse mode, conversions can be automatically initiated. If
CNVST is held low when BUSY is low, the AD7665 controls
the acquisition phase and then automatically initiates a new
conversion. By keeping
CNVST low, the AD7665 keeps the
conversion process running by itself. It should be noted that the
analog input has to be settled when BUSY goes low. Also, at
power-up,
CNVST should be brought low once to initiate the
conversion process. In this mode, the AD7665 could sometimes
run slightly faster then the guaranteed limits in the impulse
mode of 444 kSPS. This feature does not exist in warp or nor-
mal modes.
Although
CNVST is a digital signal, it should be designed with
special care with fast, clean edges, and levels with minimum
overshoot and undershoot or ringing. It is a good thing to shield
the
CNVST trace with ground and also to add a low value serial
resistor (i.e., 50
V) termination close to the output of the com-
ponent which drives this line.
For applications where the SNR is critical,
CNVST signal should
have a very low jitter. Some solutions to achieve that is to use a
dedicated oscillator for
CNVST generation, or at least to clock
it with a high-frequency low-jitter clock as shown in Figure 5.
t
9
t
8
RESET
DATA
BUSY
CNVST
Figure 12. RESET Timing
REV. 0
AD7665
17
DIGITAL INTERFACE
The AD7665 has a versatile digital interface; it can be interfaced
with the host system by using either a serial or parallel interface.
The serial interface is multiplexed on the parallel data bus. The
AD7665 digital interface also accommodates both 3 V or 5 V
logic by simply connecting the OVDD supply pin of the AD7665
to the host system interface digital supply. Finally, by using the
OB/
2C input pin, both two's complement or straight binary
coding can be used.
The two signals
CS and RD control the interface. When at least
one of these signals is high, the interface outputs are in high
impedance. Usually,
CS allows the selection of each AD7665 in
multicircuits applications and is held low in a single AD7665
design.
RD is generally used to enable the conversion result on
the data bus.
t
1
t
3
t
4
t
11
CNVST
BUSY
DATA
BUS
CS = RD = 0
t
10
PREVIOUS CONVERSION DATA
NEW DATA
Figure 13. Master Parallel Data Timing for Reading
(Continuous Read)
PARALLEL INTERFACE
The AD7665 is configured to use the parallel interface when the
SER/
PAR is held low. The data can be read either after each
conversion, which is during the next acquisition phase, or dur-
ing the following conversion as shown, respectively, in Figure 14
and Figure 15. When the data is read during the conversion,
however, it is recommended that it be read only during the first
half of the conversion phase. That avoids any potential feed-
through between voltage transients on the digital interface and
the most critical analog conversion circuitry.
CURRENT
CONVERSION
BUSY
DATA
BUS
CS
RD
t
12
t
13
Figure 14. Slave Parallel Data Timing for Reading (Read
After Convert)
PREVIOUS
CONVERSION
t
1
t
3
t
12
t
13
t
4
CS = 0
CNVST,
RD
BUSY
DATA
BUS
Figure 15. Slave Parallel Data Timing for Reading (Read
During Convert)
The BYTESWAP pin allows a glueless interface to an 8-bit bus.
As shown in Figure 16, the LSB byte is output on D[7:0] and
the MSB is output on D[15:8] when BYTESWAP is low. When
BYTESWAP is high, the LSB and MSB bytes are swapped and
the LSB is output on D[15:8] and the MSB is output on D[7:0].
By connecting BYTESWAP to an address line, the 16 data bits
can be read in 2 bytes on either D[15:8] or D[7:0].
CS
BYTE
PINS D[15:8]
HI-Z
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
HI-Z
HI-Z
HIGH BYTE
LOW BYTE
HI-Z
t
12
t
12
t
13
PINS D[7:0]
RD
Figure 16. 8-Bit Parallel Interface
SERIAL INTERFACE
The AD7665 is configured to use the serial interface when the
SER/
PAR is held high. The AD7665 outputs 16 bits of data,
MSB first, on the SDOUT pin. This data is synchronized with
the 16 clock pulses provided on SCLK pin. The output data is
valid on both the rising and falling edge of the data clock.
MASTER SERIAL INTERFACE
Internal Clock
The AD7665 is configured to generate and provide the serial
data clock SCLK when the EXT/
INT pin is held low. It also
generates a SYNC signal to indicate to the host when the serial
data is valid. The serial clock SCLK and the SYNC signal can
be inverted if desired. Depending on RDC/SDIN input, the
data can be read after each conversion or during conversion.
Figure 17 and Figure 18 show the detailed timing diagrams of
these two modes.
Usually, because the AD7665 is used with a fast throughput, the
mode master, read during conversion is the most recommended
serial mode when it can be used.
REV. 0
AD7665
18
t
3
BUSY
CS, RD
CNVST
SYNC
SCLK
SDOUT
t
28
t
29
t
14
t
18
t
19
t
20
t
21
t
24
t
26
t
27
t
23
t
22
t
16
t
15
1
2
3
14
15
16
D15
D14
D2
D1
D0
X
EXT/
INT = 0
RDC/SDIN = 0
INVSCLK = INVSYNC = 0
t
25
t
30
Figure 17. Master Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read After Convert)
EXT/
INT = 0
RDC/SDIN = 1
INVSCLK = INVSYNC = 0
t
3
t
1
t
17
t
14
t
19
t
20
t
21
t
24
t
26
t
25
t
27
t
23
t
22
t
16
t
15
D15
D14
D2
D1
D0
X
1
2
3
14
15
16
t
18
BUSY
SYNC
SCLK
SDOUT
CS, RD
CNVST
Figure 18. Master Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read Previous Conversion During Convert)
REV. 0
AD7665
19
CS
SCLK
SDOUT
D15
D14
D1
D0
D13
X15
X14
X13
X1
X0
Y15
Y14
BUSY
SDIN
INVSCLK = 0
t
35
t
36
t
37
t
31
t
32
t
16
t
33
t
34
X15
X14
X
1
2
3
14
15
16
17
18
EXT/
INT = 1
RD = 0
Figure 19. Slave Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read After Convert)
In read-during-conversion mode, the serial clock and data toggle
at appropriate instants which minimizes potential feedthrough
between digital activity and the critical conversion decisions.
In read-after-conversion mode, it should be noted that, unlike in
other modes, the signal BUSY returns low after the 16 data bits
are pulsed out and not at the end of the conversion phase which
results in a longer BUSY width.
SLAVE SERIAL INTERFACE
External Clock
The AD7665 is configured to accept an externally supplied
serial data clock on the SCLK pin when the EXT/
INT pin is
held high. In this mode, several methods can be used to read the
data. The external serial clock is gated by
CS and the data are
output when both
CS and RD are low. Thus, depending on CS,
the data can be read after each conversion or during the follow-
ing conversion. The external clock can be either a continuous or
discontinuous clock. A discontinuous clock can be either nor-
mally high or normally low when inactive. Figure 19 and Figure
21 show the detailed timing diagrams of these methods.
While the AD7665 is performing a bit decision, it is important
that voltage transients not occur on digital input/output pins or
degradation of the conversion result could occur. This is par-
ticularly important during the second half of the conversion
phase because the AD7665 provides error correction circuitry
that can correct for an improper bit decision made during the
first half of the conversion phase. For this reason, it is recom-
mended that when an external clock is being provided, it is a
discontinuous clock that is toggling only when BUSY is low or,
more importantly, that is does not transition during the latter
half of BUSY high.
External Discontinuous Clock Data Read After Conversion
Though the maximum throughput cannot be achieved using this
mode, it is the most recommended of the serial slave modes.
Figure 19 shows the detailed timing diagrams of this method.
After a conversion is complete, indicated by BUSY returning
low, the result of this conversion can be read while both
CS and
RD are low. The data is shifted out, MSB first, with 16 clock
pulses and is valid on both rising and falling edge of the clock.
Among the advantages of this method, the conversion perfor-
mance is not degraded because there are no voltage transients on
the digital interface during the conversion process.
Another advantage is to be able to read the data at any speed up
to 40 MHz which accommodates both slow digital host interface
and the fastest serial reading.
Finally, in this mode only, the AD7665 provides a "daisy chain"
feature using the RDC/SDIN input pin for cascading multiple
converters together. This feature is useful for reducing compo-
nent count and wiring connections when desired as, for instance,
in isolated multiconverter applications.
An example of the concatenation of two devices is shown in Fig-
ure 20. Simultaneous sampling is possible by using a common
CNVST signal. It should be noted that the RDC/SDIN input is
latched on the opposite edge of SCLK of the one used to shift out
the data on SDOUT. Hence, the MSB of the "upstream" con-
verter just follows the LSB of the "downstream" converter on
the next SCLK cycle.
CNVST
CS
SCLK
SDOUT
RDC/SDIN
BUSY
BUSY
DATA
OUT
AD7665
#1
(DOWNSTREAM)
BUSY
OUT
CNVST
CS
SCLK
AD7665
#2
(UPSTREAM)
RDC/SDIN
SDOUT
SCLK IN
CS IN
CNVST IN
Figure 20. Two AD7665s in a Daisy-Chain Configuration
REV. 0
AD7665
20
CNVST
SDOUT
SCLK
D1
D0
X
D15
D14
D13
1
2
3
14
15
16
t
3
t
35
t
36
t
37
t
31
t
32
t
16
BUSY
INVSCLK = 0
CS, RD
EXT/
INT = 1
RD = 0
Figure 21. Slave Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read Previous Conversion During Convert)
External Clock Data Read During Conversion
Figure 21 shows the detailed timing diagrams of this method.
During a conversion, while both
CS and RD are low, the result
of the previous conversion can be read. The data is shifted out,
MSB first, with 16 clock pulses and is valid on both rising and
falling edge of the clock. The 16 bits have to be read before the
current conversion is complete. If that is not done, RDERROR
is pulsed high and can be used to interrupt the host interface to
prevent incomplete data reading. There is no "daisy chain" fea-
ture in this mode and RDC/SDIN input should always be tied
either high or low.
To reduce performance degradation due to digital activity, a fast
discontinuous clock of, at least 25 MHz, when impulse mode is
used, 40 MHz when normal or warp mode is used, is recom-
mended to ensure that all the bits are read during the first half
of the conversion phase. It is also possible to begin to read the
data after conversion and continue to read the last bits even after
a new conversion has been initiated. That allows the use of a slower
clock speed like 10 MHz in impulse mode, 12 MHz in normal
mode and 15 MHz in warp mode.
MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACING
The AD7665 is ideally suited for traditional dc measurement
applications supporting a microprocessor, and ac signal process-
ing applications interfacing to a digital signal processor. The
AD7665 is designed to interface either with a parallel 8-bit or
16-bit wide interface or with a general purpose serial port or I/O
ports on a microcontroller. A variety of external buffers can be
used with the AD7665 to prevent digital noise from coupling
into the ADC. The following sections illustrate the use of the
AD7665 with an SPI equipped microcontroller, the ADSP-
21065L and ADSP-218x signal processors.
SPI Interface (MC68HC11)
Figure 22 shows an interface diagram between the AD7665 and
an SPI-equipped microcontroller like the MC68HC11. To
accommodate the slower speed of the microcontroller, the
AD7665 acts as a slave device and data must be read after con-
version. This mode also allows the "daisy chain" feature. The
convert command could be initiated in response to an internal
timer interrupt. The reading of output data, one byte at a time,
if necessary, could be initiated in response to the end-of-conver-
sion signal (BUSY going low) using an interrupt line of the
microcontroller. The Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) on the
MC68HC11 is configured for master mode (MSTR) = 1, Clock
Polarity Bit (CPOL) = 0, Clock Phase Bit (CPHA) = 1 and SPI
interrupt enable (SPIE) = 1 by writing to the SPI Control Regis-
ter (SPCR). The IRQ is configured for edge-sensitive-only
operation (IRQE = 1 in OPTION register).
IRQ
MC68HC11*
CNVST
AD7665*
BUSY
CS
MISO/SDI
SCK
I/O PORT
SDOUT
SCLK
INVSCLK
EXT/
INT
DVDD
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
SER/
PAR
RD
Figure 22. Interfacing the AD7665 to SPI Interface
ADSP-21065L in Master Serial Interface
As shown in Figure 23, the AD7665 can be interfaced to the
ADSP-21065L using the serial interface in master mode without
any glue logic required. This mode combines the advantages
of reducing the wire connections and the ability to read the
data during or after conversion maximum speed transfer
(DIVSCLK[0:1] both low).
The AD7665 is configured for the internal clock mode (EXT/
INT low) and acts, therefore, as the master device. The convert
command can be generated by either an external low jitter oscil-
lator or, as shown, by a FLAG output of the ADSP-21065L or
by a frame output TFS of one serial port of the ADSP-21065L
which can be used like a timer. The serial port on the ADSP-
21065L is configured for external clock (IRFS = 0), rising edge
active (CKRE = 1), external late framed sync signals (IRFS = 0,
LAFS = 1, RFSR = 1) and active high (LRFS = 0). The serial
port of the ADSP-21065L is configured by writing to its receive
control register (SRCTL)--see ADSP-2106x SHARC User's
Manual. Because the serial port within the ADSP-21065L will
REV. 0
AD7665
21
be seeing a discontinuous clock, an initial word reading has to
be done after the ADSP-21065L has been reset to ensure that
the serial port is properly synchronized to this clock during each
following data read operation.
RFS
ADSP-21065L*
SHARC
CNVST
AD7665*
CS
SYNC
RD
DR
RCLK
FLAG OR TFS
SDOUT
SCLK
INVSYNC
INVSCLK
EXT/
INT
RDC/SDIN
SER/
PAR
DVDD
*ADDITIONAL PINS OMITTED FOR CLARITY
Figure 23. Interfacing to the ADSP-21065L Using the
Serial Master Mode
APPLICATION HINTS
Layout
The AD7665 has very good immunity to noise on the power
supplies as can be seen in Figure 9. However, care should still
be taken with regard to grounding layout.
The printed circuit board that houses the AD7665 should be
designed so the analog and digital sections are separated and
confined to certain areas of the board. This facilitates the use of
ground planes that can be easily separated. Digital and analog
ground planes should be joined in only one place, preferably
underneath the AD7665, or, at least, as close as possible to the
AD7665. If the AD7665 is in a system where multiple devices
require analog-to-digital ground connections, the connection
should still be made at one point only, a star ground point,
which should be established as close as possible to the AD7665.
It is recommended to avoid running digital lines under the de-
vice as these will couple noise onto the die. The analog ground
plane should be allowed to run under the AD7665 to avoid
noise coupling. Fast switching signals like
CNVST or clocks
should be shielded with digital ground to avoid radiating noise
to other sections of the board, and should never run near analog
signal paths. Crossover of digital and analog signals should be
avoided. Traces on different but close layers of the board should
run at right angles to each other. This will reduce the effect of
feedthrough through the board.
The power supply lines to the AD7665 should use as large a trace
as possible to provide low impedance paths and reduce the
effect of glitches on the power supply lines. Good decoupling is
also important to lower the supplies impedance presented to the
AD7665 and reduce the magnitude of the supply spikes. Decoupling
ceramic capacitors, typically 100 nF, should be placed on each
power supplies pins AVDD, DVDD and OVDD close to, and
ideally right up against these pins and their corresponding
ground pins. Additionally, low ESR 10
F capacitors should be
located in the vicinity of the ADC to further reduce low fre-
quency ripple.
The DVDD supply of the AD7665 can be either a separate
supply or come from the analog supply, AVDD, or from the
digital interface supply, OVDD. When the system digital supply
is noisy, or fast switching digital signals are present, it is recom-
mended if no separate supply available, to connect the DVDD
digital supply to the analog supply AVDD through an RC filter
as shown in Figure 5, and connect the system supply to the
interface digital supply OVDD and the remaining digital cir-
cuitry. When DVDD is powered from the system supply, it is
useful to insert a bead to further reduce high-frequency spikes.
The AD7665 has five different ground pins; INGND, REFGND,
AGND, DGND, and OGND. INGND is used to sense the
analog input signal. REFGND senses the reference voltage and
should be a low impedance return to the reference because it
carries pulsed currents. AGND is the ground to which most
internal ADC analog signals are referenced. This ground must
be connected with the least resistance to the analog ground
plane. DGND must be tied to the analog or digital ground plane
depending on the configuration. OGND is connected to the
digital system ground.
The layout of the decoupling of the reference voltage is impor-
tant. The decoupling capacitor should be close to the ADC and
connected with short and large traces to minimize parasitic
inductances.
Evaluating the AD7665 Performance
A recommended layout for the AD7665 is outlined in the evalu-
ation board for the AD7665. The evaluation board package
includes a fully assembled and tested evaluation board, docu-
mentation, and software for controlling the board from a PC
via the Eval-Control Board.
REV. 0
AD7665
22
48-Lead Quad Flatpack (LQFP)
(ST-48)
0.039 (1.00)
REF
TOP VIEW
(PINS DOWN)
1
12
13
25
24
36
37
48
0.280 (7.1)
0.276 (7.0) SQ
0.272 (6.9)
0.362 (9.19)
0.354 (9.00) SQ
0.346 (8.79)
0.010 (0.26)
0.007 (0.18)
0.006 (0.15)
0.023 (0.58)
0.020 (0.50)
0.017 (0.42)
SEATING
PLANE
0
MIN
0.007 (0.177)
0.005 (0.127)
0.004 (0.107)
0.006 (0.15)
0.004 (0.10)
0.002 (0.05)
0.028 (0.7)
0.020 (0.5)
0.012 (0.3)
0.067 (1.70)
0.059 (1.50)
0.055 (1.40)
7
3.5
0
0.057 (1.45)
0.055 (1.40)
0.053 (1.35)
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
23
24
C018462.54/01(0)
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
Document Outline
- Specifications
- Pinout
- Package Drawings
- Ordering Guide
- Features
- Applications
- Product Description
- Absolute Maximum Ratings
- Functional Block Diagram
- Circuit Description
- Typical Characteristics
- PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
- CAUTION
- PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
- DEFINITION OF SPECIFICATIONS INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY ERROR (INL)
- EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB)
- TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD)
- DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY ERROR (DNL)
- SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR)
- FULL-SCALE ERROR
- SIGNAL TO (NOISE + DISTORTION) RATIO (S/[N+D])
- BIPOLAR ZERO ERROR
- APERTURE DELAY
- UNIPOLAR ZERO ERROR
- TRANSIENT RESPONSE
- SPURIOUS FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR)
- CIRCUIT INFORMATION
- CONVERTER OPERATION
- TYPICAL CONNECTION DIAGRAM
- POWER DISSIPATION
- CONVERSION CONTROL
- DIGITAL INTERFACE
- PARALLEL INTERFACE
- SERIAL INTERFACE
- MASTER SERIAL INTERFACE
- APPLICATION HINTS
- DIAGRAMS
- Load Circuit for Digital Interface Timing, SDOUT, SYNC, SCLK Outputs, CL = 10 pF
- Voltage Reference Levels for Timing
- ADC Simplified Schematic
- Typical Connection Diagram ( 10 V Range Shown)
- Simplified Analog Input
- Basic Conversion Timing
- RESET Timing
- Slave Parallel Data Timing for Reading (Read During Convert)
- Master Parallel Data Timing for Reading (Continuous Read)
- 8-Bit Parallel Interface
- Slave Parallel Data Timing for Reading (Read After Convert)
- Master Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read After Convert)
- Master Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read Previous Conversion During Convert)
- Slave Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read After Convert)
- Two AD7665s in a Daisy-Chain Configuration
- Slave Serial Data Timing for Reading (Read Previous Conversion During Convert)
- Interfacing the AD7665 to SPI Interface
- Interfacing to the ADSP-21065L Using the Serial Master Mode
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